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Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), atherosclerotic heart disease,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.southerncross.co.nz/AboutTheGroup/HealthResources/MedicalLibrary/tabid/178/vw/1/ItemID/191 )〕 atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and coronary heart disease,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007115.htm )〕 is a group of diseases that includes: stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden coronary death. It is within the group of cardiovascular diseases of which it is the most common type.〔 A common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw.〔 Occasionally it may feel like heartburn. Usually symptoms occur with exercise or emotional stress, last less than a few minutes, and gets better with rest.〔 Shortness of breath may also occur and sometimes no symptoms are present. The first sign is occasionally a heart attack.〔 Other complications include heart failure or an irregular heartbeat. Risk factors include: high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol, among others. Other risks include depression. The underlying mechanism involves atherosclerosis of the arteries of the heart.〔 A number of tests may help with diagnoses including: electrocardiogram, cardiac stress testing, coronary computed tomographic angiography, and coronary angiogram, among others. Prevention is by eating a healthy diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking.〔 Sometimes medication for diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure are also used.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/prevention )〕 There is limited evidence for screening people who are at low risk and do not have symptoms. Treatment involves the same measures as prevention.〔 Additional medications such as antiplatelets including aspirin, beta blockers, or nitroglycerin may be recommended.〔 Procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) may be used in severe disease. In those with stable CAD it is unclear if PCI or CABG in addition to the other treatments improve life expectancy or decreases heart attack risk. In 2013 CAD was the most common cause of death globally, resulting in 8.14 million deaths (16.8%) up from 5.74 million deaths (12%) in 1990. The risk of death from CAD for a given age has decreased between 1980 and 2010 especially in the developed world. The number of cases of CAD for a given age has also decreased between 1990 and 2010. In the United States in 2010 about 20% of those over 65 had CAD, while it was present in 7% of those 45 to 64, and 1.3% of those 18 to 45.〔 Rates are higher among men than women of a given age. ==Signs and symptoms== Chest pain that occurs regularly with activity, after eating, or at other predictable times is termed stable angina and is associated with narrowings of the arteries of the heart. Angina that changes in intensity, character or frequency is termed unstable. Unstable angina may precede myocardial infarction. In adults who go to the emergency department with an unclear cause of pain, about 30% have pain due to coronary artery disease. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Coronary artery disease」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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